Effects of Media Globalisation Essay

Summary of the Effects of Media Globalization by Mary Hickman The world, in many ways, has been benefited from media globalization. However, the lurking dark side of media globalization that threatens us, as audiences of the media, has to be acknowledged and cogitated. Undoubtedly, media globalization has transformed our lives in many ways. Friedman (2005) asserted that the seamless information sharing have brought nations closer in the facets of businesses, personal communications and medical industries. Unfortunately, media globalization has brought about many drawbacks to the world. Firstly, it is a question of the motivation behind media corporations. According to Chomsky (1996), profits are the primary motivation behind every multi-national media corporations. Overwhelming media businesses have swallowed the essence of journalism. As a result, media corporations have the ability to manipulate the media, creating their ideal audience of a certain kind. Due to the small pool of competing media corporations, the existing powerful media corporations have been dominating the media content. Through various underhand methods, the media corporations have effectively influenced and gained favor by the government. Friedman acknowledges that American media corporation, as leaders in the media globalization arena, are leading the media world into a dangerous position; posing a great challenge to media liberation. In addition, Siochru (2004) postulated that intervening American media has damaged cultures amongst countries. While the voices of the audiences are suppressed, proliferation of unhealthy media content such as cognitive content of greed has been appalling. Due to the minimum participation of media content from the audiences, we are vulnerable to any form of ideologies that are intentionally displayed by the media monopoly.

Knowing Your Audience

Running head: KNOWING YOUR AUDIENCE Knowing Your Audience Name BCOM/275 Teacher Knowing Your Audience On August 5, 2010, a small copper mine located in Chile suffered a cave-in which left 33 workers trapped underground. With workers being trapped 300 meters below ground with limited food, water, and oxygen, nobody knew for sure how long they would survive. After four days of being trapped, there was still no idea if any of the miners were even alive. Never before have so many workers survived being trapped underground for so long (Yang, 2010).Fortunately, in this case, tears turned to amazement as all 33 miners were located and rescued without any lives lost. Nobody really ever expects to encounter a situation like this until it happens. What does the employer tell the families of those who are trapped in the mine? What does the employer tell its employees? These are questions that many people do not prepare themselves for. These types of communications must be handled delicately and with the audience in mind. What are some considerations to remember given the different roles and people in the audience?This paper will discuss some of the potential needs of the families of the miners in receiving a message about this incident. It will also discuss the potential needs of the company’s employees when receiving a message about this incident. Finally, this paper will talk about what actions a person must take before and after the message is delivered to ensure that it was received as intended. As mentioned earlier, there are some considerations a person has to remember when communicating with the families of the victims and employees in this matter because of the different roles and people in the audience.If the audience is not taken into consideration when conveying a message, the communication could be lost, misunderstood, or incomplete. This could leave the audience misinformed and angry. When communicating with the families, there should be a sense of emp athy and sympathy directed toward them. Communication to the families should be prompt so that they do not have to hear about what happened to their loved ones on the news. The families of the victims would probably like to know how this could have happened and what is being done to get them out.The families don’t know as much about mining as the employees do so they would probably like an explanation of what went wrong. These types of situations are tough because the company wants to keep the families informed, but sometimes the sender knows as much about the incident as the families do. Communicating to the employees about the incident would be a little different. People that work in the mining field know about the dangers of cave-ins already. So there would be no need to go into detail about the incident. The communication should reiterate the importance of safety on-the-job.The communication should also let the employees know that everything possible is being done to resc ue the trapped workers. Keeping in mind that the employees could have friends who are trapped, the communication should also mention to employees that if they are not in the â€Å"right state of mind† to work, they should take time off for their own safety. Before a message of any kind is delivered to the audience it should be proofread and double-checked for grammatical errors and misspelled words. The sender should also find out if there are going to be any language barriers when communicating with the audience.If the method of communication is a phone call, it is a good idea to have a prewritten script to read off of to ensure that the communication is clear and concise. At the end of the message, the sender should ask the audience if they have any questions regarding the message or the situation. This will make sure that the message was delivered clearly and accurately. Depending on the circumstances, a follow-up communication may be made necessary to keep the families an d employees up-to-date on the situation. Conclusion All communications must be designed with the audience in mind.The communication will vary, depending on the circumstances and needs of the audience. If the needs of the audience are not considered before conveying a message, there is a good chance the communication could be incomplete, inaccurate, or unsuitable for the audience. In a situation like what occurred in the Chilean mine collapse, extra care needs to be taken when reaching out to the families of the victims. References Weik, J. (2010). Over 30 workers trapped after chilean mine collapse. Manuscript submitted for publication, Library, University of Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona. Retrieved from http://web. ebscohost. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. om/ehost/detail? sid=84e3b3de-0140- Yang, J. (2010). From collapse to rescue: inside the chile mine. The Star, Retrieved from http://www. thestar. com/news/world/chile/article/873382 Communication 1 (Phone call to families of trapped m iners) This is Mike Miller, operations supervisor at San Jose mine. One of our mines suffered a cave-in today leaving 33 of our employees, including your husband, trapped underground for the time being. We have no information as to their physical condition or how long it will be before we can reach them. We have everyone possible working on the situation and we are hoping to have them out very soon.I just want to let you know that my prayers are with your family. If you have any questions at all don’t hesitate to call. As soon as we hear anything you will be the first to know. Communication 2 (Memo to employees) To: San Jose Mine Employees One of our mines suffered a cave-in today leaving 33 of our employees trapped underground. We are currently working on the situation and are doing everything we can to reach them. This situation should remind us how careful we need to be when we are working in the mines. As soon as we have any information on the situation we will let you kn ow. Human Resources Knowing Your Audience Running head: KNOWING YOUR AUDIENCE Knowing Your Audience Name BCOM/275 Teacher Knowing Your Audience On August 5, 2010, a small copper mine located in Chile suffered a cave-in which left 33 workers trapped underground. With workers being trapped 300 meters below ground with limited food, water, and oxygen, nobody knew for sure how long they would survive. After four days of being trapped, there was still no idea if any of the miners were even alive. Never before have so many workers survived being trapped underground for so long (Yang, 2010).Fortunately, in this case, tears turned to amazement as all 33 miners were located and rescued without any lives lost. Nobody really ever expects to encounter a situation like this until it happens. What does the employer tell the families of those who are trapped in the mine? What does the employer tell its employees? These are questions that many people do not prepare themselves for. These types of communications must be handled delicately and with the audience in mind. What are some considerations to remember given the different roles and people in the audience?This paper will discuss some of the potential needs of the families of the miners in receiving a message about this incident. It will also discuss the potential needs of the company’s employees when receiving a message about this incident. Finally, this paper will talk about what actions a person must take before and after the message is delivered to ensure that it was received as intended. As mentioned earlier, there are some considerations a person has to remember when communicating with the families of the victims and employees in this matter because of the different roles and people in the audience.If the audience is not taken into consideration when conveying a message, the communication could be lost, misunderstood, or incomplete. This could leave the audience misinformed and angry. When communicating with the families, there should be a sense of emp athy and sympathy directed toward them. Communication to the families should be prompt so that they do not have to hear about what happened to their loved ones on the news. The families of the victims would probably like to know how this could have happened and what is being done to get them out.The families don’t know as much about mining as the employees do so they would probably like an explanation of what went wrong. These types of situations are tough because the company wants to keep the families informed, but sometimes the sender knows as much about the incident as the families do. Communicating to the employees about the incident would be a little different. People that work in the mining field know about the dangers of cave-ins already. So there would be no need to go into detail about the incident. The communication should reiterate the importance of safety on-the-job.The communication should also let the employees know that everything possible is being done to resc ue the trapped workers. Keeping in mind that the employees could have friends who are trapped, the communication should also mention to employees that if they are not in the â€Å"right state of mind† to work, they should take time off for their own safety. Before a message of any kind is delivered to the audience it should be proofread and double-checked for grammatical errors and misspelled words. The sender should also find out if there are going to be any language barriers when communicating with the audience.If the method of communication is a phone call, it is a good idea to have a prewritten script to read off of to ensure that the communication is clear and concise. At the end of the message, the sender should ask the audience if they have any questions regarding the message or the situation. This will make sure that the message was delivered clearly and accurately. Depending on the circumstances, a follow-up communication may be made necessary to keep the families an d employees up-to-date on the situation. Conclusion All communications must be designed with the audience in mind.The communication will vary, depending on the circumstances and needs of the audience. If the needs of the audience are not considered before conveying a message, there is a good chance the communication could be incomplete, inaccurate, or unsuitable for the audience. In a situation like what occurred in the Chilean mine collapse, extra care needs to be taken when reaching out to the families of the victims. References Weik, J. (2010). Over 30 workers trapped after chilean mine collapse. Manuscript submitted for publication, Library, University of Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona. Retrieved from http://web. ebscohost. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. om/ehost/detail? sid=84e3b3de-0140- Yang, J. (2010). From collapse to rescue: inside the chile mine. The Star, Retrieved from http://www. thestar. com/news/world/chile/article/873382 Communication 1 (Phone call to families of trapped m iners) This is Mike Miller, operations supervisor at San Jose mine. One of our mines suffered a cave-in today leaving 33 of our employees, including your husband, trapped underground for the time being. We have no information as to their physical condition or how long it will be before we can reach them. We have everyone possible working on the situation and we are hoping to have them out very soon.I just want to let you know that my prayers are with your family. If you have any questions at all don’t hesitate to call. As soon as we hear anything you will be the first to know. Communication 2 (Memo to employees) To: San Jose Mine Employees One of our mines suffered a cave-in today leaving 33 of our employees trapped underground. We are currently working on the situation and are doing everything we can to reach them. This situation should remind us how careful we need to be when we are working in the mines. As soon as we have any information on the situation we will let you kn ow. Human Resources

One Last Dance Movie Summary

Many people consider dance as a hobby but to others it takes place a big role in their lives. The movie â€Å"One Last Dance† demonstrates how passionate a group of people are about dancing and how it affects their lives. This group is part of a New York dancing company that does performances and is run by their artistic director and owner of the studio â€Å"Alex McGrath†. The company was about to have the big performance of their lives, until tragedy strucks. On an evening of rehearsal, the dancers realize that their artistic director Alex has passed away.Due to the tragedy, the performance gets canceled. After 6 years, no dance performances took place after Alex’s death. The dance studio was getting ready to shut down until three former stars were brought back to help save the studio by resurrecting the dance performance that was unable to be performed. The three former stars are â€Å"Travis MacPhearson,† â€Å"Chrissa Lindh,† and â€Å"Max Del ano. † As they try to get back into shape and mark their routine, they seem to struggle.They begin to go through different emotions and get flashbacks on how tough Alex was them during practices. Alex was a very serious strict man that pushed his dancers till he thought they had enough. The dance performance became a dream to them, so when that very dance got canceled it was heartbreaking. Later, Chrissa introduces â€Å"Bree,† her daughter, to the cast. Max and Travis were unaware of Chrissa having a daughter till she decided to mention it. Travis was surprised about it because before everything happened Chrissa and Travis were in intimate relationship.Before the big day, Chrissa and Travis weren’t communicating so well because of the lacking performance of their dance piece. Chrissa then left their rehearsal session after dancing another piece that brought back some sparks between them. Travis stayed behind and continued to dance when all of sudden he injures h is knee. It’s the day of the performance and Travis hasn’t shown up. Max gets a hold of him and informs everyone that he was getting out of the hospital and is leaving the town that night.Chrissa decides to call Travis after hearing the news and admits to him that Bree is his daughter. The absence of Travis caused Max and Chrissa to step down and let the understudy go on stage instead. After having a successful performance, Travis shows up to the studio. He was glad for the success of the performance but he still felt like preforming their last dance together even with his knee injury. Although they was no audience, Max and Chrissa agreed to preform it. As hey began to dance, people that were still around heard the music and came back to watch them. Finally, after six years they performed their dance piece and couldn’t be any happier. Their dream eventually came true. This movie has such a good ending and a good meaning to it. When you are passionate about somet hing never let anything stop you from doing it. Dance can be a big impact to anyone who is passionate about it. This movie is a good example of how dance affects people’s lives and that we shouldn’t give up on our dreams.

Two questions essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Two questions - Essay Example The echo boomers are known to be interested with diverse fun activities and projects. Therefore, for the hotel to attract them, it has incorporated different activities in its services. Such activities include; golf course facilities, swimming pools, pool tables, and libraries. Echo boomers are also known to be high achievers with the desire to make a lot of money while still young. With hotel having this generation as their major target, it has also implemented such facilities as gambling machines. It also holds events such as auctioning of expensive items such as wall paintings. Most of the persons attracted into the hotel are therefore able to make money by taking advantage of the different opportunities offered at the hotel. Other business opportunities are also made possible by the hotel inviting the experienced business entrepreneurs who then offer investment projects to the echo boomers. Therefore, with all these activities and facilities, the hotel has hence managed to attract its target group, the echo boomers. Ecotourism mainly deals with nature and preservation of the environment. Therefore, it is one strategy that has made a lot of progress in attracting people who are interested with the natural environment. Ecotourism has promoted the tourism industry through use of attraction such as national parks and natural resources. Ecotourism also makes the environment appeal to people thus, attracting many tourists even those that are not interested with nature (Whyte, 2010). Space is one viable tourist attraction in the world, but which is very expensive. Currently, only few persons have managed to undertake this source of income since many people also assert that is a dangerous activity. An organization that is working to make this economic attraction possible is the Depaul Space tourism Organization. Despite a lot of challenges being experienced in the

The effects of interest rate volatilities on the demand of Turkish Essay

The effects of interest rate volatilities on the demand of Turkish money - Essay Example This study aims to look at, particularly the possessions of interest rate volatilities in case of Turkey along with customary factors influencing the demand for money. Because the raise in interest rate volatility is probable to lead structural variations in the formation of behavioral dealings which defines economic sector. It will also really influence the demand for cash. Other than, it must be strained here that the nominal interest rate contains two parts: Expected rate of inflation and an expected real rate of return. Interest rate volatility is a very important factor in determining a healthy monetary policy for the economy. It is important to identify the factors that create the demand for money. The period of 1990s saw the banking sector in Turkey highly dominated by public banks, which were inefficient in its activities. The Turkish bank sector had a large number of serious discrepancies and deficiencies such as large risks in foreign currency, interest rates and liquidity in the banking sector. During the decided investigation period of 1990-2000s, the increase in GDP was only 2.5 per cent in Turkey. The banking sector in Turkey was deficient of good governance and the economic environment in which the banks existed brought severe economic losses to the bank. â€Å"The credits-to-total assets ratio declined from 47 percent to 32.8 percent between 1990 and 2000†. There was also a decrease of around 50 – 80% in the credits to deposit ratio in the Turkish banks. The Turkish banking sector was regulated and supervised by the coordination and cooperation of two authorities, the treasury and the central bank of Turkey. â€Å"Turkish Bank Ltd is authorized and regulated by the Financial Services Authority† (Turkish Bank n.d.). During this financial period, the Turkish banks financed public deficits due to very high real interest rates, which were charged by the banks. The high volatility in the interest rates also had its consequence on the demand of money in the Turkish economy. It is important to identify the determinant, which increases the demand for money in the economy in order to create and conduct a healthy monetary policy which suits the Turkish economy. The increase in interest rate volatility is accompanied by an effect in demand for money. Investigating the determinant of the demand for money is significant to make and conduct a healthy financial policy, which is directly connected to whole economy. For instance, a factor that raises the demand for cash may unfavorably affect financial performance by rising velocity of money and nominal income circulation. This study aims to look at, particularly the possessions of interest rate volatilities in case of Turkey along with customary factors influencing the demand for mo

I need a Masters level Historical Theology paper on the life and Research

I need a Masters level Historical Theology on the life and impact (Historical and Theological) of the ministry of John Wes - Research Paper Example A spiritual transition was needed. Interestingly, he was often not considered a theologian as Rakestraw states he â€Å"in the eyes of most non-Wesleyan Christians Wesley is not taken seriously as a theologian of grace; in fact, he is not taken seriously as a theologian at all.†1 This has little to do with his outlook and more to do with his method of promoting his theology. Unlike known theologians such as John Calvin, Wesley did not write out a doctrine of his theology all in one place. His theology was amassed over time as he grew in his faith. Wesley initially began the Methodist movement, with his brother George, in opposition to Calvinism which was also prominent in this same era. The influences of John Wesley are evident today. Though his initial religious society consisted of only 40 to 50 participants, many Protestant denominations still follow the Wesleyan traditions. This association is often considered the first Methodist society in London. Wesley incorporated Armi nian doctrines which were already a component of the Methodist in the 18th century Church of England. ... His mother reared her children with a strict Christian morality that greatly influenced John. John Wesley lived in the 18t century from 1703 to 1791 and was educated at Oxford University. Wesley was one the 15th child of his family which eventually had 19 children in total. One of the influential moments of his childhood was being rescued from a rectory fire when he was only 5 years old. His father believed this fire was â€Å"an attack from some his more disgruntled parishioners, and it was not the first.†3 This instilled a certainty in him that he was meant to do something important in his life. His mother, Susanna also had this belief and she wrote in her own diary, â€Å"’I do intend to be more particularly careful of the soul of this child, that Thou hast so mercifully provided for, that I have ever been.†4 As all of the Wesley children were well educated, they also were exposed to religion. â€Å"Both of Wesley's parents were ambitiously involved in the mo vement against the Puritan resistance and in support of the rightful prominence of the Anglican Church, a religious and political position that was in stark opposition to their family histories†5 They grew up knowing the Bible well and memorizing prayers providing a strong foundation for John Wesley’s Christian education. His training at Oxford followed a typical curriculum â€Å"in logic, rhetoric, morals and politics – the Aristotelean disciplines – and focusing on a selection of ancient writers†¦.†6 He continued his studies there and also obtained a Masters degree as well. At Oxford, he was largely influences by The Holy Club and eventually became the leader of the group. At age 32, he sailed to the American colonies with his brother, Charles where he was

Germany's Political Situation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Germany's Political Situation - Research Paper Example The state has high living standards, and an inclusive system of community security. The country is known worldwide for its cultural and political history (Hilmer, 2002, p. 5). Germany’s political influence is well documented both locally and international. The country influenced global politics that led to the two World Wars and locally through the Nazi regime. However, the country has grown politically, and it currently is a democratic hallmark for other countries. Germany has a federal, representative and parliamentary system of government. The political system functions under a structure laid out in the constitutional document of 1949. Amendments to the constitution require 66% majority votes from the chambers of parliament. The fundamental principles of the German constitution express human dignity, federal structures, and separation of power and rule of law as valid in perpetuity. The President heads the state, and the presidential institution has the representative power s and responsibilities. The President comes to power through a federal convention, which constitutes members of the Bundestag and state delegates. The President of the Bundestag has the second highest official powers after the president. This President, elected by the Bundestag, oversees the daily sessions of the German parliament. The Chancellor occupies the third highest office in Germany. The Chancellor heads the government and is appointed after elections by the Bundestag (Schmidt, 2005, p. 149). The Chancellor heads the government and has executive powers similar the Prime Minister in other democracies. The parliament has the federal legislative powers, and it consists of the Bundestag and the Bundesrat. The Bundestag undergoes direct elections through proportional representation. Members of the Bundesrat make the government of 16th federal state, and the state cabinet (Schmidt, 2005, p. 155). Since 1949, party system dominated German politics. The Christian Democratic Union an d the Social Democratic Party of Germany characterized German politics, with all German Chancellors having membership of the two parties. However, liberal parties such as the Alliance ‘90/The Greens and the Free Democratic Party also played crucial roles in German politics. The law system in Germany has its basis on the Roman law that is civil. Germany comprises 16 states, referred to as Lander. Each state has a constitution, and they are largely autonomous with regard to internal organization. Germany has states of varying sizes and populations. In 2009, the country was divided into 403 districts, with 102 urban districts and 301 rural districts (Wheeler-Bennet, 1965, p. 468). In the past, Germany was divided into kingdoms, which later united to form the German Empire. This empire had a ruler known as an Emperor or Kaiser. The Kaiser did not gain power through election, but rather through inheritance or nomination. Only men took part in the elections of the Reichstag, as wome n did not have voting powers. The Reichstag or Imperial Assembly was a weak body. This body could not formulate laws; it could only pass, reject or amend bills initiated by the Kaiser appointed chancellor. During the early days of the empire, the Reichstag functioned in agreement with the Kaiser; this means that the Kaiser controlled the body. However, with time, the body became less compliant with Kaiser’s wishes. Disagreement between Kaiser and the Reichstag led to

Customers Advertisement Decision for Colorscope Case Study

Customers Advertisement Decision for Colorscope - Case Study Example The companies listed in the exhibit 3 have are the largest companies in the areas and many people will go to purchase in those companies. This shows that the companies are congested with many customers to be served at the same time. The customers will take more time waiting to be attendant. The attendants are always busy, since they are few and customers are many. Colorscope has many attended who ensure that customers are served immediately they make inquiry. Colorscope also has many customers but it employees enough people who can handle the customers demand. Customers will opt to go to Colorscope instead of going to waste their time or queuing in order to get services. In Colorscope also customers needs to place an order and an attendant take care of the customers demand. Colorscope employee’s professionals and trains the employees in order to ensure high quality services. Customer needs to be served by professionals and this is the case with Colorscope. Calculating Profitability of Job 61001 Colorscope has a long process in service provision. First, the customer’s places an order and then the customer representative talk to the customers and records the order details. The order is scanned and digitalized to computer pictures, and then an expert contacts publisher services which ensures color quality and appropriate of other picture features. The documents is passed to quality control to ensure it is of high quality and then sent to customer’s desk.

Social Determinants of Health Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Social Determinants of Health - Coursework Example The researcher states that the social and economic conditions experienced by an individual like position, power and financial stability and various other factors, affects health. It is in this context that ‘social determinants’, like poverty, lack of knowledge and health awareness among people, together contributes to health inequalities. Communicable disease refers to health a problem that possesses high chances of being transmitted from one person to another. These are caused by agents like bacteria and virus that release toxic substances in human body and thereafter, causing damages to the cells. The chain of infection comprises the agent, source, way of transmission and host who are generally prone to infections. The source of infection is the environment in which, the microorganisms exist and mode is the process by which, the disease is transferred from one to another human being. It is thus that a nurse plays a crucial role in controlling communicable diseases. The health care facilities in hospitals are looked after by the nurses, who are again responsible for providing a healthy environment to the patients. The type of infection identified in an individual, also influences the level of care provided by the nurses. A nurse is responsible for monitoring a patient and to prescribe antibiotics according to the type of disease. Nurses are required to provide health aid to the patients as well as take precautions so that the disease is not transmitted to others and is cured at the earliest.

Obesity Has a Deep Impact in the Life of a Child Essay Example for Free

Obesity Has a Deep Impact in the Life of a Child Essay Using the Center for Writing Excellence and MyFoundationsLab resources, provide the topic sentence and informal outline for your Personal Ethics Statement. †¢ Topic sentence: Obesity has a deep impact in the life of a child. †¢ Informal outline: 1. Explain how obesity affects the childs physical health. 2. Explain how obesity affects the childs mental health. 3. Give ideas of how parents can be involved in the change of habits in the obese child. 5. Summarize why obesity has a deep impact in the life of a child. Obesity has a deep impact in the life of a child, physically, and mentally as well. An obese child is at risk of having health problems, such as diabetes, heart disease, and strokes as an adult, if he or she is not treated in an early age. An overweight child can be a target for bullying at school, making his or her social life poor, creating anxiety, depression, and lowering their self esteem. The parents play an important role in the life of an obese child. does not matter if the child is obese because a genetic factor, or just because his or her does not have a proper eating habit, the condition it is treatable. Encourage the child to follow a healthy diet, being an example for him or her, and being supportive, are examples of how a parent can be involve in the life of an obese child. Taking obesity in a child seriously, and trying to find ways to improve this condition, are the first steps to a better future in an obese childs life.

Electronic Banking in Pakistan | Dissertation

Electronic Banking in Pakistan | Dissertation Electronic Banking in Pakistan 1. PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND 1.1. INTRTODUCTION As the world has entered the twenty first century, one thing has become all too apparent, any organization that wishes to succeed in todays cutthroat competition will have to embrace Information Technology (IT) with fervor. In this age of Information Technology new inventions and innovations are affecting all the fields of life. Almost all kinds of organizations are stepping into the field of IT, in an effort to increase their productivity and expand their customer bank. The same goes for the Banking Sector. Today all the banks of the world are adopting the tool of Electronic Banking. The need of Electronic Banking was felt in South Asia during the last 5 to 7 years. This concept emerged as an essential tool for successful bank management. Financial sector has been quick to recognize this fact, and in Pakistan, most of the banking industry has moved away from the old ledger based system to computers and automation in order to modernize their operations. Although foreign banks were pioneers of bringing this concept to South-Asia but they have yet to start latest Electronic Banking practices in Pakistan Background Electronic Banking Electronic banking is an umbrella term for the process by which a customer may perform banking transactions electronically without visiting a brick-and-mortar institution. It is a form of banking in which funds are transferred through an exchange of electronic signals between financial institutions, rather than an exchange of cash, checks or other negotiable instruments. The growth in use of the Internet world-wide and the development of procedures enabling secure transactions on-line have created the new field of on-line banking, where customers deal with their banks chiefly or entirely through Internet connections. Opening hours or location of branches, unlike the traditional banks does not restrict such services. Both existing banks and new groups are already moving into this potentially very important area. Since on-line banking services can be accessed with equal ease almost anywhere in the developed world, this raises the possibility of banking networks operating without regard to national boundaries, with consequent regulatory problems. Banking on line, commonly called PC banking, electronic banking or Internet banking, has been around in one form or another for a decade or more. Forms of on-line Banking Following can be the ways to bank on-line: 1) Internet Based access to account information through banks web site, via modem, using a standard web browser such as Microsoft Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator. 2) Bank Software: Bank provides customers with proprietary software to install in their computers. The software allows customers to connect to banks computers over a secure network. The customer essentially dials directly into the bank instead of through the Internet. 3) Personal Finance Software: Software such as Quicken or Microsoft Money allows customer to exchange financial information with the bank. The software connects to the banks computers via an Internet based set up and downloads financial information from the clients account. Many banks affiliate leading software vendors such as Intuit or Microsoft to make their systems compatible. 4) Pay-by-Phone Systems /Tele banking: Allows a customer to pay by telephone certain bills, or transfer funds between accounts, with instructions to the bank. One must have an agreement in advance with the institution to make such transfers. 5) Point-of-Sale Transfers: Allows a customer to pay for retail purchases with an EFT (or debit) card. In some instances, this card may also be an ATM card. This is similar to using a credit card, but with one important exception: the money for the purchase is transferred immediately — or very shortly — from customers bank account to the stores account. An increasing number of merchants are accepting this type of payment. On-line Banking: a Revolution The thought of today is the reality of tomorrow but the thoughts of Banking on Your OWN TERMS AT YOUR OWN DOORSTEPS, which seemed to be reality of tomorrow, is no a more mystique. What we can do NOW (?) It allows customers to do most of their financial transactions at home on a personal computer. Pay your bills on-line while youre watching TV. Check your account balances from your digital cell phone as you stand in line to board a flight. Consolidate all your financial accounts on-line in one convenient, secure location. Have access to friendly, helpful customer service representatives Why on-line banking? Unfortunately, banking is a necessary evil that can take a large chunk out of already busy schedules. Visiting a branch or ATM, paying bills by paper check (and mailing them) and balancing a chequebook all can be time consuming. Banking on-line, by its nature, can automate many of these processes, saving time and, in many cases, money. One can access his account and do banking when (and where) it is convenient for him. Following can be online banking services offered by various banks Check account balances Make transfers between online accounts Check the status of loans Track investments Apply for loans online Pay bills electronically Download account information to a personal finance software program On-Line Banking Advantages Internet banks are open 7 days a week 24 hours a day In general, you will find lower fees and higher interest rates for deposits due to the reduced cost of operating on-line and not needing numerous physical bank branches. Create a more in depth portfolio of each individual customer of what their needs and expectations are. Be able to provide services to each customer that are customized to their individual preferences You will have easy access to account information and transactions, because any Internet-enabled computer can become your bank terminal. You will generally have up-to-the-minute current bank account information due to the automation of most systems. In many cases, on-line banks offer free bill pay, which can be a big saving in both money and time. You can transfer funds electronically between accounts. Common E-Banking Services Retail Services Wholesale Services Account management Account management Bill payment and presentment Cash management New account opening Small business loan applications, approvals, or advances Consumer wire transfers Investment/Brokerage services Commercial wire transfers Loan application and approval Business-to-business payments Account aggregation Employee benefits/pension administration Current Scenario of Electronic Banking in Pakistan Pakistan is widely considered to be in the Third Wave of developing economies that include countries in Asia, Latin America, the Pacific Islands and the Middle East. These countries started to adopt the Internet from around 1993. Almost all have a state monopoly over the telecommunications sector with low tele-densities per population and high telecom costs, which restrict Internet access to elitist groups in the population. Less than 2 per cent of the population is connected to the Internet. These countries have weak political and democratic institutions where the governments welcome new commercial opportunities. The First Wave countries include USA, Canada, and some Nordic states where the Internet took hold in the 1980s, and became an established feature of social, political and economic life. On average, over 35 per cent of the population are connected to the net, with households always connected online to the net 24 hours in the day in many cases. Both the First and Second wave of counties have much in common; with both involved in the early development of the Internet. The gap between the two is rapidly diminishing. Both have highly developed telecommunication infrastructures, with extensive networks of fiber optic, satellite and ISDN lines that can respond to exponential growth in demand for bandwidth. Knowledge of Internet applications is a mainstream activity, and a prerequisite for commercial credibility. They have highly developed information, dissemination technology and content industries, with a strong export focus. Both have strong government policies that aim to influence the shape of the future information society, with massive investments in research and development, education, training, IT and Internet developed research. E-Banking in Pakistan: Due to advancements in sciences and technology, many foreign banks started offering Electronic Banking services in Pakistan. Electronic Banking offers tremendous opportunities and saves cost and time for both banks and customers. E-Banking in Pakistan is still a relatively new phenomena and is expected to grow now faster with future penetration of computers and internet services in the country, availability of a robust legal framework, removal of concerns about security of electronic transactions and enhanced reliability of communication Unfortunately Electronic Banking in Pakistan is still in the introduction phase and the government with the private sector has to streamline many policies for its further development and success. Although foreign banks took the initiative but now there are private Pakistani banks that are making advancements in E-Banking. The rate of technology transfer from developed to developing countries has been very slow in this regard. In Pakistan the available technology services are NIFT, ATM, ETPoS, Tele Banking and Central Depository Systems. NIFT was established in 1997,it is a technology that uses images with high-speed sorters to automate check clearing. ATMs are automated teller machines that provide facilities for instant deposits and cash withdrawals, and are presently available at around 200 locations in major cities only. ETPoS is a method of payment where goods and services are paid for at the point of sale, and is available in major cities in a few super markets only. Telebanking is telephone banking facility available only in a few banks, and again, in major cities only. The central depository system is a well- established system used in stock exchanges for recording and the transfer of securities. Secure electronic transactions (SET): This protocol was developed jointly by Visa and Master Card and is now baked by American Express. Major players in e-commerce, networking, and computing like Microsoft, Netscape, IBM, etc, are behind specifications of this protocol, and are thus becoming an industry standard for secured payments on the internet. SET provides confidentiality through encryption; message integrity using digital signatures, and authentication of consumer and merchant identity Use of this, method is ideal due to the level of security that this method offers. However, establishment of this protocol will require Internet merchant accounts. Smart cards: It is a digital currency payment, which looks similar to credit cards, but contains a microprocessor and a storage unit. The cards hold prepaid account information. Merchants who accept these records are credited for the transaction amount by card issuers. The use of this technology is safe but expensive to acquire. Pakistan will require building a consensus among major stakeholders to invest in making this technology available in Pakistan. Value-added networks: Pakistan could establish value added networks (VAN) for financial transactions to expedite fast and efficient flow of remittances to all major cities and to enable exchange of electronic documents. These networks will provide shared connectivity, security assurance of data, and reliability of service. These networks will provide bank -to -bank transfer of funds for financial transactions, and will also enable the exchange of electronic documents to facilitate e-trade. These value added networks will also facilitate B2B transactions using EDI systems. The EDI Vans will execute authorized transactions between valid trading partners. These networks will reduce technical complexities and the cost of implementing dedicated connections with a multitude of trading partners. Another advantage out of these networks will be the provision of storing viable information on the networks, so that authorized partners can directly access them without contacting the other parties. This will help in in creasing efficiencies of business transactions in terms of time and costs. 1.2. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM E-banking has entered the Pakistan economy in a big way but, considering the state of development of banking industry in the country and the client-base, there are doubts about the utility and cost-effectiveness of this mode of banking. The research study will examine these points and give recommendations on the subject: An evaluation, theoretically and practically, of the progress of banks which adopted electronic operations, and the prospective role for banks in the future. Discussing problems facing banks in the scope of electronic banking operations. Specifying the concept of electronic banks. 1.3. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY Following objectives have been set forth in conduct of the research: To familiarise public with the subject of ELECTRONIC BANKING, enhance their keenness to remain abreast to the techniques, and modern trends of efficient banking. To induce healthy practices in banking business and profession and to advise suitable measures for their achievement. To encourage and provide Electronic Banking information and to offer education through research report contents to students and consequently to national financial institutions. To print and publish the report for provision to all who are interested in the issue of Electronic Banking. To study Electronic Banking practices of different banks in Pakistan. 1.4. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY E-banking is playing an important role not only in the development of electronic services in the first world countries but also in the developing countries too. Due to advancements in sciences and technology, many foreign banks started offering Electronic Banking services in Pakistan. Electronic Banking offers tremendous opportunities and saves cost and time for both banks and customers. This study will evaluate the electronic performance of banks. This report emphasizes the fact that on-line accessibility, awareness, attitude towards change, computer and Internet access costs, trust in ones bank, security concerns, ease of use and convenience are the major factors affecting the adoption of Internet bank services in Pakistan. 1.5. SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY Scope of the study: The research thesis covers the leading banks in Pakistan that have entered the e-banking era and examine its economics. The major limitation of the study is that the concerned banks are reluctant to disclose information with regard to costs incurred on E- banking. Limitations of the study: As the E-banking in Pakistan is at the introduction stage and its efficacy is yet to be tested, adequate literature on the subject is not available. Moreover, the topic under study requires comprehensive research, which is possible if more time is allotted for the project. Banks personnel are reluctant to give information about banks electronic process and problems faced by banks. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW Literature survey is conducted in order to get more insight into the study. Literature survey consists of past studies related to this topic. Which will help and ensure that no important information related to the study is omitted. It includes mostly domestic studies conducted by our own scholars. 2.1. FOREIGN SCENARIO Yoshio, (1999), states that Malaysian banking sector started in the 1970s. However, the first visible form of electronic innovation in the Malaysian banking industry was the introduction of Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) in 1981. The ATMs to a large extent released banks from the constraints of time and geographical location. Then in the early 1990s, Tele-banking was introduced in Malaysia, which provided yet another delivery channel for branch financial services via telecommunications devices connected to an automated system of the bank by utilizing Automated Voice Response (AVR) Technology. Utsuml, on June 1, (2000), said that the Malaysian Central Bank gave the green light for locally owned commercial banks to offer Internet banking services. On June 15, 2000, Maybank, the largest domestic bank in terms of assets as well as network distribution, http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/www.maybank2U.com became the first bank to offer Internet banking services in Malaysia. This service is currently provided to individual customers of the bank and the site boasts of the latest 128-bit encryption technology to allay fears of security among consumers. The services provided in this portal include banking enquiry functions, bill payment, credit card payment, funds transfer, and accounts summary as well as transaction history. Customer support service is provided via e-mails as well as via telephone lines and is available daily from 6 am to 12 mid-night. JoseÉ, (2000), said that the Hong Leong Bank commenced its Internet banking operations known as e-Banking, which can be accessed via their web site at http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/www.hlbb.hongleong.com.my in December 2000. In addition to providing services that were previously included in their Phone banking service, they also offer options of assessing account transaction history in their e-banking. They too provide support services via e-mails and telephones from 7 am to 11.00 pm, seven days a week. Al-Jasser, (1999), states that both the competitive forces as well as the expected benefits are causing concentration and expansion of E-banking services in the country (Saudi Arabia). However, in the long run it would be the actual benefits which the banks would realize in terms of higher profits through reduction in intermediary costs and expanded consumer base due to improved services on a cost effective manner that would determine the role of E-banking in the countrys banking sector. E banking is expected to play an important role in integrating the financial markets of Saudi Arabia globally and banks would ultimately capitalize on these developments. Figures, (2000), states that E-banking Automate critical banking activities and interact electronically with bank with comprehensive tools that help reduce administrative costs, increase productivity, and improve cash management—in a security-enhanced environment. 2.2. LOCAL SCENARIO Mashhood, (2000), states that the role of information technology in financial services is to support operational efficiencies, facilitate customer services, mange risk and support in decision-making. In the IT policy on financial services, the government of Pakistan has asked the State Bank of Pakistan to allow opening of internet merchant accounts to enable inter-bank electronic fund transfer, to re-engineer processes of foreign trade sections, to accept e-orders of value less than $500, to open an e-commerce wing in financial institutions, and to facilitate clearing and e-reporting in al banks. The e-commerce action plans for the financial sector have been established as per directions from the government. The plan is to connect branches of 25 local and foreign banks in 12 major cities. In phase I, branches in one city will be linked with their head office. In phase II, all these banks and other financial institutions will be connected together. In phase III, private and public sec tor stakeholders will be linked and ultimately e-commerce network will include financial, trade and customs networks along with their international links. Ziauddin, (1998), states that In Pakistan, huge investments, recurring costs, and absence of economies of scale are some of the major bottlenecks to invest in online banking. One other problem is that only a few foreign banks are linked with their branches, otherwise all major financial institutions work in isolation. AL-Bader, (1999), said that in the absence of a centralized database linked to branches, banks do not only need the communication software to facilitate communication, but also require modems, routers, controllers, etc. irrespective of the volume of transactions, be it small or massive, huge investments are required to facilitate online banking. Not only the capital investments debut also the recurring costs, such as lease payments to PTCL, ongoing maintenance costs, etc, are discouraging national banks to invest. Giasuddin, (2003) said that there is a need to establish inter-branch and inter-bank networks so that all financial institutions may be linked together to facilitate electronic payment systems, which are among basic prerequisites for establishment of the financial infrastructure for e-commerce development. The next step that is still not clear in Pakistan is the type of electronic payment systems and digital currencies to be used in Pakistan. There are a lot of different methods of payment that are available globally. Pakistan has to carefully decide the most feasible payment systems that can easily fulfill financial requirements, as well as, provide enough confidence to the buyers and merchants for safety and security of such payments. Kazmi, (2000), said that there is an urgent need in Pakistan for establishing value added networks for financial transactions. Without these networks, it will be difficult for business and financial institutions to provide EC solutions with high quality and low costs. Zaidi, (2003), states that there is a need to establish inter-branch and inter-bank networks so that all financial institutions may be linked together to facilitate electronic payment systems, which are among basic prerequisites for establishment of the financial infrastructure for e-commerce development. The next step that is still not clear in Pakistan is the type of electronic payment systems and digital currencies to be used in Pakistan. Shabbir, (2003), said that both the competitive forces as well as the expected benefits are causing concentration and expansion of E-banking services in the country. However, in the long run it would be the actual benefits which the banks would realize in terms of higher profits through reduction in intermediary costs and expanded consumer base due to improved services on a cost effective manner that would determine the role of E-banking in the countrys banking sector. E-banking is expected to play and important role in integrating the financial markets of Pakistan globally and banks would ultimately capitalize on these developments. Naveed, (2003) states that Credit cards are primarily used as convenient payment products and at times a credit facility for short term needs. The State Bank of Pakistan is playing a pro-active role in promoting adoption of technology-based solutions in the banking sector and supporting services based on E-Banking. E-Banking has already taken off in this country and the recent launch by Habib Bank- one of the largest banks in the country has provided a major breakthrough. so the question is not when the facilities will be provided but how rapidly these facilities will expand. Efforts in this direction are focused upon following areas: Creation of a robust legal infrastructure catering to the needs of E-Banking and other payments systems involving electronic settlement of funds. Key step in this direction was the promulgation of Electronic Transactions Ordinance 2002, which provides legal recognition to digital signatures and documentation reducing the risks associated with the use of electronic medium of business. State bank is currently engaged in an exercise to further augment the legal framework for electronic settlement of transactions in the banking sector. Establishing of Payment Systems Development Committee in which commercial banks are members, to guide the development of payment systems in Pakistan. Creation of a dedicated Payment Systems Department in the State Bank dealing with all issues pertaining to payment systems including E-Banking. Creation of a Real Time Gross Settlement System (RTGS) providing an E-Banking solution to banks maintaining their accounts with standard operating procedure (SOP) whereby they will be able to operate these accounts from their own premises via an electronic connection with the State Banks own servers. Commercial banks have been allowed to open and operate Internet Merchant Accounts. Banks are being encouraged to expand the ATMs network through more participation and a wider network of machines all across the country. all banks have been asked to join a SWITCH and interconnection between the 2 existing SWITCHES is being encouraged for further development of the electronic infrastructure . State Bank has already acquired SWIFT connection and has also made it mandatory for banks to acquire SWIFT connectivity for settlement of all cross border financial transactions. Expansion of automated cheques clearing services to all major cities in the country is actively being pursued. The usage of plastic money such as Credit/Debit cards is making good progress Ishrat, (2003), states that introduction of E-banking will improve banking services mainly in terms of the convenience of the customers including, place, time and price, the banks will be able to provide improved services and, consequently, the quality and skills of banking staff will also improve. Although many banking services will be available 24 hours, the need for over the counter services will remain and banks would continue to provide normal services during office banking hours in Pakistan also like in the developed countries where E -banking is prevalent, it has been observed that customers feel much confident in using e-banking services when they can associate it with brick and mortar branches. Purely online banking without physical branch network has not made much headway even in developed countries. In Pakistan, with low rates of literacy the majority of customers will continue to use the 9-5 bank branches. Rizvi, (1999), states that the state bank of Pakistan has constituted various committees such as the Payment Systems Development Committee and the ECH task force for the development of technology based banking services in the country. Besides other matters, these committees also oversee the developments in the areas of E-banking. State Bank of Pakistan coordinates closely with other agencies such as the Ministry of Science Technology (MoST), in initiatives relating to E-banking. Shirazi, (2001), said that the future of e banking is very bright in Pakistan. Many banks in Pakistan have started providing e-banking facilities to their consumers. Over 300 ATMs are in operation in Pakistan the use of ATMs is rapidly increasing. More and more facilities are being provided by the banks electronically including e-statements, funds transfer, bill payment for utilities as well as other purchases. By 2002, almost 40% of the bank branches have been automated and it is expected that this proportion will reach 50% by 2004. The rate of increase is phenomenal i.e. about 318%. Similarly, the number of online branches has doubled during the last 2 years to 570 and by 2004 this number will jump to 1356, representing an increase of 376%. This expansion along with the growing penetration of internet will bring E-banking to more and more of their customers both in terms of numbers as well as geographical locations. Mahmood, (2003), states in order to meet E-banking challenges that State Bank of Pakistan established the ECH Task Force under the leadership of Mr. Naveed A Khan (Country Representative ABN AMRO Bank) to facilitate the development and implementation of E-Banking sector to promote E-Commerce. This Task Force was constituted to facilitate in planning introduction of enabling technologies in the financial sector of the economy having a direct bearing on E-commerce. The ECH Task Force is constituted of various dedicated professionals from the major financial institutions of the country who enrich the Task Force with their experience and expertise with a firm commitment to develop and promote E-Commerce in Pakistan. Ahmed,(2001), states that Electronic Commerce (E-Commerce) is just another business tool, one that enhances business efficiency and effectiveness and allows cost reduction. It is a vehicle to carry out business-to-business (B2B) or business-to-consumer (B2C) transactions. For financial institutions and entrepreneurs, E-Commerce not just makes old processes work better; it also provides a means to break with tradition and create new ways of doing business. E-Commerce has a lot of potential in Pakistan where ideas are rich, resources and labor are cheap, workmanship is excellent, entrepreneurial skill in abundance, and there is a large presence of indigenous and globally appreciated artifacts other tradable goods. However, on a more realistic side, we have a lot of ground to cover before we can reap the benefits of E-Commerce and turn our economy around. These are technical as well as administrative challenges that have to be met and above all we need the basic infrastructure, which fa cilitates and promotes trading through electronic means. 3. RESEARCH METHDOLOGY This chapter presents the basic methodology required in research. It includes the methods of search, type of study and the sources of data. 3.1. METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY The methodology of study includes the different methods that researcher has used to reach to the conclusion. But due to shortage of time the researcher has tried his best to make this report informative, useful and also beneficial for others. The researcher has also gathered a lot of information to cover all types of aspects related to automation and electronic data processing. In this report the researcher has covered first of all the introduction of electronic banking, its background, what facilities and benefits it provide and what is its scope in Pakistan? Secondly the researcher has visited few of the banks offering electronic services. They were very knowledgeable to the researcher basically in explaining their scope in Pakistan. 3.2. TYPE OF THE STUDY The study is descriptive because the intention is to explore the existing values given in problem statement. Descriptive process was believed to be more suited in this kind of investigation because it seeks direct response from respondents. This procedure has been used in many areas of investigations in many fields of academics and scientific discipline. 3.3. GOAL OF DESCRIPTIVE STUDY The goal of the descriptive study, here is to offer a peo

Journal Writing and Adult Learning Essay -- Teaching Writers Authors E

Journal Writing and Adult Learning The value of journal writing to a course with adult students cannot be overemphasized. (Sommer 1989, p. 115) Journals and diaries have a long history as a means of self-expression. Several themes prevalent in adult learning--coming to voice, developing the capacity for critical reflection, and making meaning--are reflected in the way journals can be used in adult education. Journals are useful learning tools in a variety of adult education settings. Dialog journals, for example, have become popular in adult literacy and English as a second language classrooms. This digest focuses on several types of journals, exploring their value in assisting adults through their learning journey and summarizing advice from the literature on effective ways to use journals. Types of Journals One type is the reader response journal or literature log, in which learners record their responses to readings. Used on all levels from adult basic education through graduate study, such logs enable readers to enter the literature in their own voice (Perham 1992), placing themselves in relation to the text and discovering what they think about it. Over time, the log itself becomes another primary text to which they can respond (Perl 1994). Usually, entries are shared with the class, stimulating discussion. In one variation described by Perham, a looseleaf notebook accessible to the whole class becomes a collaborative journal in which learners and teacher make ongoing comments. Both Perham and Perl feel that these response journals have the power to build a community of learners though the process of critical co-reading and co-writing. The learning journal is a systematic way of documenting learning and col... ...462) Roe, M. F., and Stallman, A. C. "A Comparative Study of Dialogue and Response Journals." Presented at the American Educational Research Association conference, 1993. (ED 359 242) Schatzberg-Smith, K. "Dialogue Journal Writing and the Initial College Experience of Academically Underprepared Students." Presented at the American Educational Research Association conference, 1989. (ED 308 737) Schneider, P. The Writer as an Artist. Los Angeles: Lowell House, 1994. Sommer, R. F. Teaching Writing to Adults. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1989. Surbeck, E.; Han, E. P.; and Moyer, J. "Assessing Reflective Responses in Journals." Educational Leadership 48 (March 1991): 25-27. (EJ 422 850) \ Walden, P. "Journal Writing: A Tool for Women Developing as Knowers." New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education no. 65 (Spring 1995): 13-20. (EJ 502 496)

ACG 2021, Introduction to Financial Accounting, Fall 2000, Exam 1 :: UFL Florida Business Accounting

VERSION A Page 1 ACG 2021C EXAM 1 FALL 2000 NAME _____________________________________ SS# ____________________________ Instructions: NOW: Bubble in your section number on your Scan Sheet. Fill in your name and social security number on this examination and your scan sheet. 1. Listen carefully for any comments your proctor may have related to the exam. Read these instructions carefully. Failure to do so may result in your losing points. 2. This exam consists of 50 multiple-choice questions. Select the BEST answer and mark the appropriate space on the scan sheet with a #2 pencil only. You MUST keep your scan sheet face down on the desk when you are not filling it in. 3. You may use ONLY a non-programmable calculator during the exam. Use of any other calculator will be considered a violation of the honor code. Your exam will be taken from you and you will receive a grade of 0. 4. At the end of 2 hours, you will be told to stop. Put your pencils down IMMEDIATELY. Failure to do so will result in your receiving a zero for the exam. 5. The exam consists of 13 pages, including this cover, and a blank page at the end. Make sure you have all pages and all questions. 6. Have your University of Florida Identification card ready to be checked when you turn in your exam. 7. Assume the accounting entities use a calendar year unless otherwise noted. 8. Assume a 360-day year. 9. When you are finished, turn in your scan sheet, as well as your exam. Answers will be posted on the web after the exams are handed back in class. 10. The University of Florida policy on academic honesty will be strictly enforced. When you are told to open your exam, turn to the first page and find your exam code. Immediately bubble this in on your scantron. VERSION A Page 2 1. As of December 31, Mesa Company has a balance of $5,000 in accounts receivable of which $500 is more than 30 days overdue. Mesa has a credit balance of $45 in the allowance for doubtful accounts. Mesa estimates its bad debts losses at 1% of current accounts and 10% of accounts over thirty days. What adjustment should Mesa make to the allowance for doubtful accounts? A) $95 (credit). B) $55 (credit). C) $50 (credit). D) None, the current balance is correct. E) None of the above is correct. 2. A business's balance sheet cannot be used to accurately predict what the business might be sold for because A) it identifies all the revenues and expenses of the business. B) assets are generally listed on the balance sheet at their historical cost, not their current value.

Wasteful Americans Essay -- Illustration Essay

A major problem in the USA today is the fact that Americans waste a lot. The main focus of this fact is the many different things that we waste, although steps are being made to fix the problem of us wasting so many resources. One thing we waste unfortunately is water. For example, One waste of water is many people take bathes instead of showers. Taking a shower saves water by only using a small amount of the water that is needed, to fill the whole tub. Another waste of water is leaving the water running while doing the dishes. The water should always be turned off between rinses. Furthermore doing a full load of laundry when washing your clothes is a waste of water. Therefore make sure that the washer is completely full before starting the washer. Finally leaving the water running while brushing your teeth is good example of water being wasted. A solution to this problem would be to turn the water off between rinses. We have to remember to conserve our water; it can be a costly mistake. Another energy that Americans often waste is electricity. Leaving the lights on in a room that is not occupied is a prime example of a waste of electricity. All that you have to do to conserve electricity in this case is to simply turn the lights off whenever you leave the room. Something that is sometimes too hard to do, but with a little self-discipline it can be a reasonable goal. Another waste of electricity is when people leave their Televisions on all night, whenever they are not ...

Analysis of College Students’ Self Esteem and Their Desire to Feel Good About Themselves

Self esteem refers to the amount of realistic respect that you have for yourself. It is important for a person to have a healthy self-esteem in order to lead a happy and successful life. People with low self-esteems often have a harder time leading a happy and successful life. People with a healthy self-esteem realize that they deserve the good things in their lives, while those who suffer from low self-esteem feel that they deserve only the bad things in live. Each person is responsible for their own self-esteem and can take measures to improve their self-esteem, thereby improving their lives.Background of the studyThe relationship between a student’s scholastic performance and achievement and his/her sense of personal worth or self-esteem is likely to be mediated by a number of factors such as personal and familial aspirations, peer accomplishments and teachers and school expectations. Self-esteem can be defined as an individual’s judgment of his or her self-worth (Ro senberg 1965). Self-esteem is generally considered the evaluative component of the self-concept, a broader representation of the self that include cognitive and behavioral aspects as well as evaluative or affective ones.  (Tomaka&Blascovich, 1991). Self esteem is an extremely popular construct within psychology, and has been related to virtually every other psychological concept or domain, including personality (e.g., shyness), behavioral (e.g., task performance), cognitive (e.g., attribution bias), and clinical concepts (e.g., anxiety & depression). Environment of acceptance and success raises self-esteem, while environment of failures lower it.Coopersmith (1967) cited evidence supporting the importance of self-esteem. He concluded that people with feelings of inadequacy and unworthiness see themselves as inferior and unable to generate inner resources to improve their situation. Feeling of inferiority may result if it does not meet personal aspirations. In his antecedents of sel f, he suggested four factors that contribute to the development of self- esteem. These are: the values that the child perceives to have towards the self, the child’s experience withsuccess and his individual definitions of success or failure as well as the child’s style of dealing with negative feedback or criticism.To understand a man psychologically, one must understand the nature and degree of one’s self-esteem, and the standards that one judges oneself. Self-esteem is confidence in one’s capacity to achieve values (Branden, 1970) People with high self-esteem take risks more easily than those with low self-esteem. Low self-esteem has many different manifestations; withdrawal, depression, and lack of self- confidence are all symptoms of low self-esteem. As the first emphasis of this study, self-esteem has shown to be a significant personality variable in determining human behavior.OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDYThe objective that guided this study sought to ana lyze the personal strengths of the participants, to elevate their self- esteem and create positive self image. Aims to increase self confidence and self awareness to enable positive decision making and to form constructive relationships. To empower young people especially the college students to advocate on their own and on other’s behalf. To maintain a stable and positive sense of oneself.SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDYThe significance of this study is to help the following; Students. This research study will help students especially those who was not able to cope and handle social problems and to learn how to deal with it. Teachers. This will serve as the basis for future plans of teachers with regard to the necessary actions for the recovery of the deteriorating self- esteem of the students. Parents. This study will enrich their knowledge about self-esteem and can help to boost their child self confidence. Researchers. This study, particularly, its results will be of great help, for it will supplement and compliment needed ideas of the researchers.STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM1.) How do self esteem associated with depression, anxiety, motivation and satisfaction to the participants? 2.) What are the factors that causes an individual to lack self confidence? 3.) How do the participants improve their self esteem?SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDYThe main focus of the study is based on the main problems in the facilities of the Cavite State University-Indang, Campus. It focuses based on knowing college students’ self-esteem and how they want to see themselves during the academic year 2012-2013. The population of frame of this study was the 1st year BS Psychology students from in the Cavite State University-Indang, Campus.ASSUMPTIONS OF THE STUDYThe researchers assume that the participants will answer the given questions accurately. Their personal identity will remain confidential so that the participants who may withdraw from the study at anytime with no ra mifications. In addition to, the respondents will rate some situation truthfully.CHAPTER IIReview of related literature and studies Local LiteratureContingencies Of Filipino Adolescent Self-Esteem And The Possible Effect Of Direction Of Social Comparison by Eric L. Dimar This study utilized both quantitative and qualitative approach in order to understand Filipino adolescent self-esteem more, particularly to determine on what contingencies do adolescents base their self-esteem. It also examined direction of social comparison to determine if this is related to their level of self-esteem. Gender differences were also investigated.High school student (N=287) from a private, co-educational institution in Quezon City were administered the Rosenberg Self-Esteem (RSE) Scale, a supplemental version of the Contingencies of Self-Worth (CSW) Scale, and a research-made Direction of Social Comparison Tendency (DSCT) Scale. Chi-square and t-tests were utilized to reveal possible relationships amo ng the different variables. Focus groups were organized to investigate further other possible factors affecting adolescents self-esteem.Results revealed that students with low self-esteem compared to those with high self-esteem tend to compare themselves more to others who are better or to those who have more. They also tend to see themselves in areas that they are not positively endowed with. In general adolescents base their self-esteem on internal factors, namely on their belief that they are loved by God and by their adherence to a moral code. No gender differences was found between males and females’ direction of social comparison. Females were found to be more affected than males regarding academic performance, family relationships, and relationship with God.Children need self-esteem by Sofia Logarta (Cebu Daily News) In adulthood, people suffering from low self-esteem often hold themselves back from great opportunities because the feel they do not feel ‘good enou gh’†. She also called attention to findings of the research of the University of Calgary â€Å"that verbal abuse often has more psychological impact and subsequent psychological damage than physical abuse.† She laments the lack of awareness on the part of parents regarding the act of verbal abuse and its impact on children. â€Å"Their criticism is not helping shape the child into a productive vibrant individual, but rather a shell of a person who is very insecure,  very afraid of life, and afraid of doing something wrong. Sometimes they are not even sure what that wrong would be because they are criticized for everything they do anyhow.†Foreign LiterationAccording to Alfie Kohn (The Truth About Self-Esteem), the schools should try to help students feel good about themselves. This topic has become sufficiently polarized that the vast majority of people who address themselves to it stand in one or two camps: the pro self esteem, mostly educators, who can scarcely believe that anyone would question the importance of trying to improve students perceptions of their own worth, and the critics, who dismiss such efforts as ineffective and nonsensical distractions from academics. This analysis lead him to discuss of what might be more constructive than the usual arguments for and against self esteem. He said that there is no getting around the fact that most educators whose speak earnestly about the need to boost students’ self esteem are unfamiliar with the research that has been conducted on this question at best, they may vaguely assert, he confess he used to do that â€Å"studies† suggest self esteem is terribly important.Taking Charge of Your Self-Image by CB StaffWhen you're feeling inadequate as a college student, keep these five factors in mind: 1. You're not the only one who makes mistakes. You can react to failure in two ways: Drag yourself into the recesses of self-pity, or acknowledge your mistakes and do your bes t to correct them. 2. Take time to do things you enjoy and excel at. If you don't have a hobby, get one. Jamaica's hobby of volunteering allowed her to put life into perspective. â€Å"It made me realize that some people are worse off than I am,† she says. 3. Set small goals. If you have trouble speaking in class, say hello to someone you don't know. After a couple of weeks, volunteer to speak in class. Pick a time when you're certain you can add insight to the discussion. Later on, get a little gutsier and say something controversial.4. Every semester, pick a class that interests you, as opposed to one that fills a degree requirement. Evenbeck points out that getting excited by coursework is vital to success, which will naturally improve self-esteem. â€Å"The old ‘sit down,  shut up, and memorize this' approach that some students perceive to be the message of educators is disastrous for student learning,† he says. 5. Visit student tutors and mentors, even if you don't think you need to. Tutoring services often have a negative stigma attached to them — college students may think visiting a tutor means they're not smart enough to learn on their own. But the main job of a student tutor or mentor is to offer advice in areas where he or she struggled at one time. Evenbeck says tutors and mentors are vital to the learning process. â€Å"Students often arrive without the habits that are required for successful university study. Other students are often in the best [position] to communicate those behaviors to new students,† he says.Developing those habits will lead to greater success and a better self-image. Tending to your sanity and developing a healthy self-image is just as important as anything you learn in a textbook. And maintaining a positive outlook will help keep you out of the doldrums and allow you to concentrate on learning and growing as a person. Jamaica says she learned to lean on people close to her to help get her through: â€Å"It's important to surround yourself with supportive people, like friends and family.†CHAPTER III METHODOLOGYResearch DesignThis study used the survey research design. The design was ideal because it facilitated collection of data from a large number of respondents through a self administered questionnaire. The descriptive method was employed since it is interested to find out the extent to which the variables are related to each other. Specifically, the study dealt with self esteem of the students in CVSU. Research InstrumentsPartially structured and open ended questionnaire was developed to collect data on the variables identified for the study. Since self-esteem concept is abstract, affective questions were used to bring out an individual self-esteem concept. These questions aimed at eliciting emotions on how students felt toward themselves. Analysis of College Students’ Self Esteem and Their Desire to Feel Good About Themselves CHAPTER IINTRODUCTIONSelf esteem refers to the amount of realistic respect that you have for yourself. It is important for a person to have a healthy self-esteem in order to lead a happy and successful life. People with low self-esteems often have a harder time leading a happy and successful life. People with a healthy self-esteem realize that they deserve the good things in their lives, while those who suffer from low self-esteem feel that they deserve only the bad things in live. Each person is responsible for their own self-esteem and can take measures to improve their self-esteem, thereby improving their lives.Background of the studyThe relationship between a student’s scholastic performance and achievement and his/her sense of personal worth or self-esteem is likely to be mediated by a number of factors such as personal and familial aspirations, peer accomplishments and teachers and school expectations. Self-esteem can be defined as an individual’s judgment of his or her self-worth (Rosenberg 1965). Self-esteem is generally considered the evaluative component of the self-concept, a broader representation of the self that include cognitive and behavioral aspects as well as evaluative or affective ones.  (Tomaka&Blascovich, 1991).Self esteem is an extremely popular construct within psychology, and has been related to virtually every other psychological concept or domain, including personality (e.g., shyness), behavioral (e.g., task performance), cognitive (e.g., attribution bias), and clinical concepts (e.g., anxiety & depression). Environment of acceptance and success raises self-esteem, while environment of failures lower it.Coopersmith (1967) cited evidence supporting the importance of self-esteem. He concluded that people with feelings of inadequacy and unworthiness see themselves as inferior and unable to generate inner resources to improve their situation. Feeling of inferiority may result if it does not meet personal aspirations. In hi s antecedents of self, he suggested four factors that contribute to the development of self- esteem. These are: the values that the child perceives to have towards the self, the child’s experience withsuccess and his individual definitions of success or failure as well as the child’s style of dealing with negative feedback or criticism.To understand a man psychologically, one must understand the nature and degree of one’s self-esteem, and the standards that one judges oneself. Self-esteem is confidence in one’s capacity to achieve values (Branden, 1970) People with high self-esteem take risks more easily than those with low self-esteem. Low self-esteem has many different manifestations; withdrawal, depression, and lack of self- confidence are all symptoms of low self-esteem. As the first emphasis of this study, self-esteem has shown to be a significant personality variable in determining human behavior.OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDYThe objective that guided this study sought to analyze the personal strengths of the participants, to elevate their self- esteem and create positive self image. Aims to increase self confidence and self awareness to enable positive decision making and to form constructive relationships. To empower young people especially the college students to advocate on their own and on other’s behalf. To maintain a stable and positive sense of oneself.SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDYThe significance of this study is to help the following; Students. This research study will help students especially those who was not able to cope and handle social problems and to learn how to deal with it. Teachers. This will serve as the basis for future plans of teachers with regard to the necessary actions for the recovery of the deteriorating self- esteem of the students. Parents. This study will enrich their knowledge about self-esteem and can help to boost their child self confidence. Researchers. This study, particularly, its results wi ll be of great help, for it will supplement and compliment needed ideas of the researchers.STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM1.) How do self esteem associated with depression, anxiety, motivation and satisfaction to the participants? 2.) What are the factors that causes an individual to lack self confidence? 3.) How do the participants improve their self esteem?SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDYThe main focus of the study is based on the main problems in the facilities of the Cavite State University-Indang, Campus. It focuses based on knowing college students’ self-esteem and how they want to see themselves during the academic year 2012-2013. The population of frame of this study was the 1st year BS Psychology students from in the Cavite State University-Indang, Campus.ASSUMPTIONS OF THE STUDYThe researchers assume that the participants will answer the given questions accurately. Their personal identity will remain confidential so that the participants who may withdraw from the study a t anytime with no ramifications. In addition to, the respondents will rate some situation truthfully.CHAPTER II Review of related literature and studies Local LiteratureContingencies Of Filipino Adolescent Self-Esteem And The Possible Effect Of Direction Of Social Comparison by Eric L. Dimar This study utilized both quantitative and qualitative approach in order to understand Filipino adolescent self-esteem more, particularly to determine on what contingencies do adolescents base their self-esteem. It also examined direction of social comparison to determine if this is related to their level of self-esteem. Gender differences were also investigated.High school student (N=287) from a private, co-educational institution in Quezon City were administered the Rosenberg Self-Esteem (RSE) Scale, a supplemental version of the Contingencies of Self-Worth (CSW) Scale, and a research-made Direction of Social Comparison Tendency (DSCT) Scale. Chi-square and t-tests were utilized to reveal possi ble relationships among the different variables. Focus groups were organized to investigate further other possible factors affecting adolescents self-esteem.Results revealed that students with low self-esteem compared to those with high self-esteem tend to compare themselves more to others who are better or to those who have more. They also tend to see themselves in areas that they are not positively endowed with. In general adolescents base their self-esteem on internal factors, namely on their belief that they are loved by God and by their adherence to a moral code. No gender differences was found between males and females’ direction of social comparison. Females were found to be more affected than males regarding academic performance, family relationships, and relationship with God.Children need self-esteem by Sofia Logarta (Cebu Daily News) In adulthood, people suffering from low self-esteem often hold themselves back from great opportunities because the feel they do not feel ‘good enough’†. She also called attention to findings of the research of the University of Calgary â€Å"that verbal abuse often has more psychological impact and subsequent psychological damage than physical abuse.†She laments the lack of awareness on the part of parents regarding the act of verbal abuse and its impact on children. â€Å"Their criticism is not helping shape the child into a productive vibrant individual, but rather a shell of a person who is very insecure,  very afraid of life, and afraid of doing something wrong. Sometimes they are not even sure what that wrong would be because they are criticized for everything they do anyhow.†Foreign LiterationAccording to Alfie Kohn (The Truth About Self-Esteem), the schools should try to help students feel good about themselves. This topic has become sufficiently polarized that the vast majority of people who address themselves to it stand in one or two camps: the pro self esteem, mostly educators, who can scarcely believe that anyone would question the importance of trying to improve students perceptions of their own worth, and the critics, who dismiss such efforts as ineffective and nonsensical distractions from academics.This analysis lead him to discuss of what might be more constructive than the usual arguments for and against self esteem. He said that there is no getting around the fact that most educators whose speak earnestly about the need to boost students’ self esteem are unfamiliar with the research that has been conducted on this question at best, they may vaguely assert, he confess he used to do that â€Å"studies† suggest self esteem is terribly important.Taking Charge of Your Self-Image by CB StaffWhen you're feeling inadequate as a college student, keep these five factors in mind: 1. You're not the only one who makes mistakes. You can react to failure in two ways: Drag yourself into the recesses of self-pity, or acknowledge your mista kes and do your best to correct them. 2. Take time to do things you enjoy and excel at. If you don't have a hobby, get one. Jamaica's hobby of volunteering allowed her to put life into perspective. â€Å"It made me realize that some people are worse off than I am,† she says. 3. Set small goals. If you have trouble speaking in class, say hello to someone you don't know. After a couple of weeks, volunteer to speak in class.Pick a time when you're certain you can add insight to the discussion. Later on, get a little gutsier and say something controversial. 4. Every semester, pick a class that interests you, as opposed to one that fills a degree requirement. Evenbeck points out that getting excited by coursework is vital to success, which will naturally improve self-esteem. â€Å"The old ‘sit down,  shut up, and memorize this' approach that some students perceive to be the message of educators is disastrous for student learning,† he says. 5. Visit student tutors an d mentors, even if you don't think you need to. Tutoring services often have a negative stigma attached to them — college students may think visiting a tutor means they're not smart enough to learn on their own.But the main job of a student tutor or mentor is to offer advice in areas where he or she struggled at one time. Evenbeck says tutors and mentors are vital to the learning process. â€Å"Students often arrive without the habits that are required for successful university study. Other students are often in the best [position] to communicate those behaviors to new students,† he says. Developing those habits will lead to greater success and a better self-image. Tending to your sanity and developing a healthy self-image is just as important as anything you learn in a textbook. And maintaining a positive outlook will help keep you out of the doldrums and allow you to concentrate on learning and growing as a person. Jamaica says she learned to lean on people close to her to help get her through: â€Å"It's important to surround yourself with supportive people, like friends and family.†CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY Research DesignThis study used the survey research design. The design was ideal because it facilitated collection of data from a large number of respondents through a self administered questionnaire. The descriptive method was employed since it is interested to find out the extent to which the variables are related to each other. Specifically, the study dealt with self esteem of the students in CVSU.Research InstrumentsPartially structured and open ended questionnaire was developed to collect data on the variables identified for the study. Since self-esteem concept is abstract, affective questions were used to bring out an individual self-esteem concept. These questions aimed at eliciting emotions on how students felt toward themselves.

The Effect of Social Media in the Business World

The Effect of Social Media in the Business World Imagine, for a moment, you are an employee in a business setting. Do you find yourself on Facebook, Twitter, or Pinterest during work? Perhaps you are reading information on Wikipedia or watching videos on YouTube? These are all forms of social media. Today our world is engulfed by it. These sites can be great tools to advertise for a business or to access information, but they can also be abused. In the workplace, social media can be a distraction to employees and make them less efficient.In today’s world, employers are always looking for a process to limit the abuse of these tools and to find means to utilize it instead, all while remaining cost efficient in terms of Hardware and Software. The research that follows uncovers the pros and cons of social media within a business. In addition, social media will be defined and facts will be included as to how many employees utilize these sites on a daily basis. It is also important for the owners of a company to discuss the legalities and hidden costs associated with the social media sites, in relation to businesses.Social Media Defined Social media is defined as a two way communication stream where the publisher and the reader can interact with each other (Nations). The most popular social media sites are Facebook, YouTube, and Twitter. Facebook is an online community that allows people to connect with friends, family, colleagues, and classmates. Facebook can also allow businesses to create profiles for advertising purposes. YouTube is a social media site that allows people to publish videos that anyone can access.This has become a way for people to get their name out there if they are waiting to be discovered in the music industry, comedy world, sports, and many other things. Twitter is a type of blogging site, where an individual records opinions or information on a regular basis. Twitter is called micro blogging because the users write short posts that are 140 characters or less (Senior Net). There are also Wiki sites. Wiki sites allow the users to write and edit the content contained on the site. The most common Wiki site is Wikipedia. Wikipedia is a very useful tool for learning information about a certain topic.Though is not a very reliable source for citing information because it is written by internet users (Senior Net). Social Media Use Is on the Rise Social networking sites have become part of most Americans everyday lives. According to Joanna Brenner of Pew Internet, â€Å"sixty nine percent of online adults use a social networking site. † The most common site used by internet users is Facebook. This includes employees during the working hours. According to Janie Smith of The City Wire an average person checks their email or Facebook 34 times a day collectively.This number is substantial compared to years previous; and if the employees of a company are checking social media sites during the work day for personal reason s, it lessens productivity. Many companies have put in social media policies to restrict the use of the sites during the day. According to a study done by Benjamin Shipley III a lawyer for Cross, Gunter, Witherspoon and Galchus P. C. , the largest problem is: â€Å"fifty percent of employees ignore these policies and check their sites. † Mobile Devices make it easy for the employees to still access social media sites during the work day.In a study done by Pew Internet & American Life Project, forty six percent of Americans are now using smartphones, making these sites accessible right at the employees’ fingertips. Facebook sites can be open for anyone to see and social media sites are starting to become a place that future employers will look when they are doing background checks on possible future employees. A study done by Benjamin Shipley III states, â€Å"it has become a common practice to check out the future employees social networking sites before hiring them. Sixty percent of employers currently observe this practice. With that being said, it is very important that individuals are more cautious to the information they are exploiting to the world. Legalities Surrounding Social Media The battle of between the appropriateness of published information on social networking sites has started to take off. People do not understand the difference between freedom of speech and defamation. Freedom of speech is the right to express opinions without censorship or restraint, while defamation is a false or malicious accusation of someone’s words or actions (Merriam-Webster).Many lawsuits have arisen because of this misunderstanding. Social media sites have affected employees’ style of communication, productivity, and separation of work and personal. Today there is not as much face-to-face communication in the work place because it is faster and more efficient to communicate over the internet. A huge risk factor of using social media in th e business world is the safety. Social media is not very secure so it is very easy for private company information to be shared. Companies need to have plans in place how to deal with problems that arise from social media (Rauzi).Positive Uses of Social Media Businesses Although many people and employees view social media as a bad thing within the workplace, positive aspects do exist. Social media sites such as Facebook and LinkedIn are great tools for companies to get their name out in the public eye. It is a very easy way with little cost and advertising to acquire a new circle of contacts. With social networking, the company can create a pleasing image of themselves by creating their own professional page. Social networking being virtually free is one of the greatest advantages to using the sites.Businesses can pay thousands of dollars in advertisements but with social media the only cost is paying the person who keeps the sites up to date (Kelleher). The sites are also useful to ols for gathering public opinions on the product that a company sells. In a study done by McKinsey Global Institute, â€Å"ninety percent of the 4,200 businesses surveyed said they benefit from social networking in some way. † Brand awareness and sales are increased by social media sites because the name is out in the business network.Social media helps bring the customers closer to the business because they know more of what is going on within (Rauzi). Overlooked Expenses of Social Media for Businesses Many businesses see social media as a free tool, but there are many hidden costs that are not considered. As mentioned previously, staff is paid to keep the sites up to date. If a company wants their social media sites to be successful, they need an excellent marketer that will always keep the sites up to date, which costs money. Paid marketing will be needed to initially get the companies name noticed.For example, having a paid advertisement banner on Facebook costs money (Co mpare Business). There is also the cost of equipment. Most companies have up to date computer software that would support the use of social media, but not all do. The server needs to be large enough to handle all the traffic going through it. If a company wants a very successful internet campaign, the annual cost is approximately 210,600 dollars (Compare Business). Sometimes, a company needs to spend money to make money. Conclusion Social Media is a very useful tool for the business world as long as the employees do not abuse it.The benefits do outweigh the risks of having a social media friendly company. Employers just need to set boundaries for their employees so that they know what acceptable use of the sites is. Along with setting the boundaries, the employers also have to enforce them so that they will be effective. Social media is not a free way of advertising, but it is very low cost in comparison to other techniques. Overall social media is a very useful tool for companies, especially as business continues to be in a digital world. Works Cited Brenner, Joanna. Pew Research Center's Internet ; American Life Project. † Pew Internet: Social Networking (full detail). 13 Nov. 2012. Pew Internet & American Life Project. 31 Dec. 2012 . Madden, Mary. â€Å"Pew Research Center's Internet & American Life Project. † 65% of online adults use social networking sites. 26 Aug. 2011. Pew Research Center. 01 Jan. 2013 . Nations, Daniel. â€Å"What is Social  Media? About. com Web Trends. 1 Jan. 2013 . New, Catherine. â€Å"Smartphones Are Used By Nearly Half Of Americans. † The Huffington Post. 01 Mar. 2012. TheHuffingtonPost. com. 8 Jan. 2013 . Rauzi, Molly. â€Å"The social workplace: Are you prepared? † – Denver Business Journal. 1 Oct. 2012. Denver Business Journal. 01 Jan. 2013